History of Acupuncture
Acupuncture has been used for thousands of years by several differing cultures. Today it is mainly associated with traditional Chinese medicine, where evidence of its use goes back some 2000 years with the writing of the first book to accurately record the needle points.
However, there is evidence of its use within other cultures earlier than this. The Papyrus Ebers are an Ancient Egyptian medical treatise which also indicates the use of acupuncture like treatments. The Vedas, which are the most ancient scriptures of Hinduism, contain within them the Ayurveda or 'science of life' that also include the use of acupuncture. Although this was only recorded as a written text circa 1300 BC, it is believed to have been passed down by word of mouth for generations. They are thought to be between 5000 and 7000 years old. (1)
Although each text has subtle variations, all describe the use of needle like implements to pierce the skin to provide symptomatic relief.
(1) Ross F. 'The Lost Secrets of Ayurvedic Acupuncture'. 1 Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1995.
Acupuncture treatment
In the UK today there are two types of acupuncture, Traditional Chinese and Western Medical. Both use the application of needles, although the choice of points used can vary between the two.
In Traditional Chinese Acupuncture, points are chosen using a traditional diagnostic approach which typically includes examination of the tongue, eye and pulses.
In Western Medical Acupuncture, treatment is only given following an orthodox diagnosis. It is because of this that most practitioners are regulated healthcare professionals such as GPs, Osteopaths and Physiotherapists, who can perform testing to diagnose the cause of the problem. In Western Medical Acupuncture the points chosen are based on neurophysiological principles and work by creating several physiological effects, both local to needle and within other areas of the body. These include vasodilation (opening up of blood vessels), resulting in increased blood flow and oxygen. The needle also modulates the nervous system causing muscle relaxation and a reduction in pain. All these changes work to great effect to generate a healing response both locally and systemically within the body.
For further information please see the British Medical Acupuncture Society website.